Co-occurrence in ant primary parasitoids: a Camponotus rectangularis colony as host of two eucharitid wasp genera

Different assemblages of parasitoids may attack a given host species and non-random distribution patterns in parasitoid have been reported on various occasions, resulting co-occurrence at the population, colony, or even individual levels. This is case for different closely related eucharitid wasps (a family specialized ant parasitoids) sharing similar niches co-occurring same Here we reviewed all known associations between genus Camponotus Mayr, 1861 new ant-parasitoid associations. In addition, report wasps, colony level, involving undescribed Pseudochalcura Ashmead, 1904 an unidentified Obeza Heraty, 1985, which common but very poorly neotropical arboreal rectangularis Emery, 1890. Most attacks were solitary, cocoons parasitized by two (16%) three (8%) parasitoids. Globally, parasitism prevalence was low (3.7%) showed important variability among samples. Low along with exposure to plants overlapping reproductive periods both allowed evolution co-occurrence. We also provided some additional data regarding nesting habits, composition symbiotic membracids pseudococcids. The seemingly polydomous habits C. could play part reduction pressure population level and, combined occasionally local rates, contribute parts colonies escaping from parasites, polydomy possibly representing effective avoidance trait.